THE KEYBOARD SONATAS OF HAYDN
As we all know, Haydn is remarkable achievements of the classical period composer, a typical representative of the Viennese classical music（web link）, and "Father of the String Quartet" known as the "father of the symphony," said. Haydn also not be overlooked is the creation of a large number of piano sonatas, he perfected and developed the sonata structure. Haydn's Piano Sonata in pen has been initially improved and determine the basic format.
Although only a minor role in the piano sonatas of Haydn's life in the music, but he recognized the piano sonata was known Viennese classicism, made the most outstanding contribution to thinking in terms of musical structure.He continued to explore the musical structure of the sonata for the future the piano sonatas of Mozart and Beethoven in a huge impact and inspiration.
For historical reasons Haydn wrote his life exactly no one knows how many sonatas, but also can not be verified .
The whole of creation Haydn sonata long experienced musical form and sonata sonata structure from immature to mature stage. This development period keyboard instruments also affect Haydn's Creation, and Haydn himself is a master of style keyboard instead of a piano virtuoso, his piano sonatas played on the quality and quantity of technical meanings vary greatly.
The overall characteristics of Haydn piano sonatas：
Haydn piano sonata style development can be roughly divided into four periods , the first stage should be designated to 1767 . During this period Haydn wrote sixteen piano sonata , the apparent Haydn affected by the Vienna Circle（PDF） . Each movement usually the same tonality , all in the major . The first of which is the eleventh representative "G Major Sonata（web link） ."
Haydn sonata in G major
The second phase of Haydn's Creation is from 1767 to 1771 , during which the creation of ten sonatas , these sonatas musical form has been improved significantly . Among the twenty- first "c minor Sonata"（web link） as a representative. There has been a dramatic conflict in the works , shows a new expression Haydn . In this period the other sonatas still retains the original style.
Haydn sonata in C minor (the first movement)
The third period was from 1774 to 1784 , and 21 were made to create a Haydn sonata . Began to compare these sonatas lyrical , beautiful , decorative, emphasis on the theme of change . Sonata is rich in 1780 after the Development Department , the playback unit more diverse. As in the third sixteen " #c minor Sonata ."（web link）The fourth period(pdf) was from 1784 to 1789 , during this period a total of five sonatas , and this period compared to other times , seemed more freedom and a strong performance, each capital distinctive , showing Haydn's extraordinary imagination.
Late in Haydn 's Piano Sonata perfect musical form to make a great contribution . At this sonata exposition has been composed by the two contrast theme . That is now what we call the main theme and the secondary theme , which is the biggest feature of sonata . Will form what we call the "contradiction" between the generation and the emergence of the main secondary theme . Haydn's Sonata in E flat major (hobxvi49)（MP3) in the main portion of the theme is a brief motivation composed of four sixteenth notes . Is connected with staccato , staccato giving a bright and elastic feel. At this intensity also from strong to stronger . After a small section of the connection , enter the secondary theme . Secondary theme is a weak effort began , first in the efforts to form a contrast. The right-hand melody then appear in a line among Dalian , requires a coherent and complete, with the front to form a contrast staccato sound on . Another first in Haydn Sonata in E flat major , too, by the strong main theme starts in E flat major arpeggio main chord decomposition begins , giving a grand feeling bright and in fact , while secondary theme is from weak start .
On the "symphonic" embodied in the late sonatas of Haydn
A total of five late piano sonatas
(Ie: in 1789 ~ 1795 between creations No.58 ~ No.62). This
When Haydn out of the shackles of the court, may be completely different from the Vienna
New environment, freedom to express their thoughts and feelings the music. These works
In the past, keeping a lively, humorous, based on its penetration into the symphony of creation
Thinking and experience, it has a different from Haydn's early Piano Sonata mid-
Characteristic - symphonic(PDF).
First, the penetration of symphonic creative thinking
In the late piano sonata movement organizations, the symphonies of Haydn three
Department of the layout structure (ie, fast - slow - fast structure) to penetrate into creation. Movement Between showing a symphony like the idea: the first movement, Allegro; multi Sonata Style（web link）. The second movement adagio or andante; Ministry two or trilogy. The third movement soon Plates; swing or sonata. Such creative thinking between fully reflects the movement Contradictory contrast and unity, increasing the sonata musical expression.
In the late piano sonatas of Haydn in nature rubbed into the same three characteristics When , also uses various parts of the various development techniques expanded sonata , he was happy Chapter exposition of two themes of creation and increase the contrast between the theme , the development was
Display unit . Use themes factors or exposition end as material development department , to be Mold into swapping , variations and other creative techniques, greatly expanded the Development Department . Tune Between each other, and become part of the movement in the wonderful . Playback unit is generally
Exposition omitted reproduction , the whole song climax often appear herein . With Sonata Expandable various parts of Haydn 's Piano Sonata late than early, mid- papers Increase more expanded.In addition , Haydn modeled its most representative twelve " London Symphony"(PDF) Use of tonal contrast in the way , between the music and the movement, the paragraphs Between the tonal layout from the main - to expand the relationship to the major third genus , - subordinate
To highlight the tonal color contrast , so that the Sonata melody fuller , more
Dramatic, more mature. In NO.62 first movement as an example:
Haydn sonata no.62 Hob.XVI:52
NO.62 "b E Sonata " is the last one of Haydn piano sonatas ,Is also the largest one , called him the greatest and most extensive sonata .A total of three movements . The three movements were b E - E - b E tonal relationships in Showing a very new idea on tonality arrangements. This sonata with Mozart style Delicate strokes, while maintaining its unique humor and enthusiasm demonstrated sea Dayton lifetime of hard work on the keyboard music. The first movement Allegro, 4 /4 beat , sonata form . Musical structure is as follows :
The movement to a dynamic dot chords began to establish the total musicFeatures - to promote the development of dotted rhythm of music . The first main grand powerful After stretching and strengthening leads to problems in b B flat major on a soft second theme , two Filled between themes speed, strength, style of Strong contrast. Development in the Transpose, Transpose hand France is superb, as melodic development has injected vitality. Reproduction compression reproduction, rhythmic vitality, Witty and vibrant, pushing movement climax. Thus, this has a certain scale , And three of the structure fully reflects the sea Thinking characteristic symphonic structure Dayton. In this way of thinking
Under the influence of Haydn sonata movement devoted more advanced macro
Large, the first subject and the second subject contrast more strongly,
Contrast between the fast and slow movement is more prominent.
Second, the creative approach led to a dramatic symphonic effect
In Haydn's piano sonatas, Haydn charge Point play to his imagination, the imagination becomes the piano .A symphony orchestra, symphonic style and the pursuit of sound . He created a "conversation" type of symphonic record For style. He gives the melody "speak" style, so In essence, the music is more dramatic. Specific hand Law embodied in: the use of high-bass, counterpoint hand
the pursuit of ambitious audio. The first such No.62 Movement began, full chords like a whole orchestra Played. Section 58 subsections sixteenth like string band
Accompaniment, right hand high and low Sounds like a cello contrast And violin dialogue. Another example No.59 CLS phrase The rapid downward, like a solo instrument with the whole music Team in the dialogue. Superb theme development practices. Haydn in its 9th Symphony No.4 "Surprise"(PDF), the use of skilled Theme development techniques, developed with a single theme The entire movement. This creative approach an important role in In that the contrast between the movement is full of contradictions, but ministries Has no shortage of organic unity.
As spectrum case: As Haydn Symphony theme development practices in general, Haydn Piano sonata same ten themes Of simple, yet Haydn can master these short
Question motivation through tonality, and intensity change, transport With counterpoint technique, variations, dynamic rhythm hand Creation of a whole chapter in the law. In the late sonatas , The theme of Haydn and the tendency melodic base Basis, the pursuit of music and polyphonic melody between each other The ideal balance. Polyphonic melody push each other and Moving forward,increasing internal tension and melodic development Force. Transpose superb technology and "dotted rhythm, Triplets, rests "Let's frequent use of the theme Development of novel full, rich music and theatrical Sex. Haydn symphony sound qualities into the music Music, so that music has a special power, it is
Amazed. These creative techniques to tell people, Haydn latent Awareness has been adept in the symphony "speak Principles "and the theme of development techniques to infiltrate the sonata Music creation. The use of creative techniques to give
The music richer musical content, so the piano playing Song of the more symphonic drama.
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